Biogeography and genetic consequences of anagenetic speciation of Rhaphithamnus venustus (Verbenaceae) in the Juan Fernández archipelago,Chile: insights from AFLP and SSR markers |
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| Authors: | Patricio López‐sepúlveda Koji Takayama Daniel J Crawford Josef Greimler Patricio Peñailillo Marcelo Baeza Eduardo Ruiz Gudrun Kohl Karin Tremetsberger Alejandro Gatica Luis Letelier Patricio Novoa Johannes Novak Tod F Stuessy |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160‐C, Concepción, Chile;2. Museum of Natural and Environmental History, Shizuoka, Oya 5762, Suruga‐ku, Shizuoka‐shi, Shizuoka 422‐8017, Japan;3. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and the Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 60045, USA;4. Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A‐1030 Vienna, Austria;5. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile;6. Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor Mendel Stra?e 33, A‐1180 Vienna, Austria;7. Bioma Consultores S.A., Mariano Sánchez Fontecilla 396, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile;8. Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, General Gana 1702, Santiago, Chile;9. Jardín Botánico de Vi?a del Mar, Corporación Nacional Forestal, Camino El Olivar 305, Vi?a del Mar, Chile;10. Institute for Applied Botany and Pharmacognosy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterin?rplatz 1, A‐1210 Vienna, Austria;11. Herbarium, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 1315 Kinnear Road, Columbus, Ohio 43212, USA |
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| Abstract: | The genus R haphithamnus (Verbenaceae) consists of two species, one in South America and another endemic to the Juan Fernández archipelago, Chile. The genus represents an example of anagenetic speciation in which the island populations have diverged from their colonizing ancestors to the point where they are recognized as a distinct species. The island species R haphithamnus venustus differs from the continental R . spinosus primarily by floral traits associated with adaptation to hummingbird pollination. Two molecular markers, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites, were used to estimate divergence between the continental and insular species, and to compare diversity in the two species. The comparable or greater diversity in the insular species observed in some diversity indices of AFLPs would support the hypothesis that during the course of anagenetic speciation it has recovered from any reduction of genetic diversity associated with colonization of the archipelago. This pattern of comparable or higher diversity in insular species is seen with other instances of anagenetic speciation in the Juan Fernández archipelago. By contrast, the lower genetic diversity in the insular R . venustus found in microsatellites is likely to be the result of a founder effect from the original colonization of the archipelago; prior molecular studies suggest recent colonization of the Juan Fernández archipelago by R haphithamnus . The seeming non‐concordance between the present results and the widely accepted biogeography of R haphithamnus inferred from other data is discussed and an explanation is presented. |
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| Keywords: | anagenetic speciation genetic diversity
Juan Ferná ndez Islands
R
haphithamnus
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