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| 植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应 | |
| 引用本文： | 孙小玲,许岳飞,马鲁沂,周禾.植株叶片的光合色素构成对遮阴的响应[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(8):989-999. |
| 作者姓名： | 孙小玲 许岳飞 马鲁沂 周禾 |
| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系 北京 100193; 四川省林业厅园林规划设计院 成都 610000 |
| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目 |
| 摘 要： | 叶绿素在植株体内负责光能的吸收、传递和转化,类胡萝卜素则行使光能捕获和光破坏防御两大功能,它们在光合作用中起着非常重要的作用。该文综述了几大主要光合色素的分布和功能,以及不同物种的色素含量和构成差异。阳生植物的叶黄素库较大,但脱环氧化水平不及阴生植物。黄体素与叶黄素库的比值与植物的耐阴性呈正相关关系。由不同的遮阴源造成的遮阴环境,光强和光质有很大的差异,总体来说对植物生长的影响,建筑物遮阴阔叶林遮阴针叶林遮阴。光强的改变可诱导类胡萝卜素的两大循环——叶黄素循环和黄体素循环。由光强诱导的叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b比值的改变与该物种的耐阴性无关。短时间的遮阴不会对植物的生长造成危害,叶黄素库的大小不仅与每天接受的光量子有关,更与光量子在一天的分布有关,因为光照和温度是协同作用的。光合作用或色素构成是蓝光、红光和远红光共同作用的结果,不是某一种单色光所能替代的。我们总结了影响植物色素构成的内因和外因,指出植物主要通过调整光反应中心和捕光天线色素蛋白复合体的比例,以及两个光系统的比值来调整色素含量和构成以适应不同的光照条件,提出了现存研究中存在的一些问题,旨在为今后的相关研究提供建议。 |
| 关 键 词： | 类胡萝卜素 叶绿素 光合作用 遮阴 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009-12-01 |
A review of acclimation of photosynthetic pigment composition in plant leaves to shade environment |
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| SUN Xiao-Ling,XU Yue-Fei,MA Lu-Yi,ZHOU He.A review of acclimation of photosynthetic pigment composition in plant leaves to shade environment[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2010,34(8):989-999. | |
| Authors: | SUN Xiao-Ling XU Yue-Fei MA Lu-Yi ZHOU He |
| Affiliation: | Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Landscape Planning and Designing Institute, Forestry Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610000, China |
| Abstract: | Chlorophylls function in harvesting light energy, funneling the excitation to reaction center and converting sunlight into chemical energy, and carotenoids are responsible for light harvesting and photoprotection. Both are vital for photosynthesis. We summarized the distribution and function of the main photosynthetic pigments and variation of pigment composition and content in sun and shade plants. Sun plants possess larger xanthophyll cycle pool size (violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin), but de-epoxidation level is lower than that of shade plants. The ratio of lutein to xanthophyll cycle pool size is positively correlated to plant shade tolerance. Light intensity and spectral quality vary between different shade sources. Generally for plant growth, building shade is better than vegetation shade, and deciduous shade exceeds coniferous shade. Variation in light intensity may activate two cycles in plants, xanthophyll cycle and lutein epoxide cycle, for light harvesting or energy dissipation. Some species may alter chlorophyll content and Chl a/b ratio to acclimate to different light intensity, but this character is not related to their shade tolerance. Temporary shade is not necessarily detrimental. Xanthophyll cycle pool size is not only determined by daily photon receipt, but also by the way photon flux is distributed over the daylight hours, because light and temperature are both essential for optimal photosynthetic metabolism. The best photosynthetic performances of plants were obtained with the reinforcement of blue, red and far red wavelengths and with a red: far red ratio closer to that observed in nature. We reviewed internal and external factors affecting photosynthetic pigment content and composition, and determined that during the acclimation to different light environments, plants altered pigment composition and content mainly through adjusting the ratio of reaction center to light harvesting complex and PSI/PSII. We also discussed current research problems and provided insight into future relevant research. |
| Keywords: | carotenoid chlorophyll photosynthesis shade |
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