| 土壤水分和氮磷营养对小麦根系生理特性的调节作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 梁银丽,陈培元.土壤水分和氮磷营养对小麦根系生理特性的调节作用[J].植物生态学报,1996,20(3):255-262. |
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| 作者姓名： | 梁银丽 陈培元 |
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| 摘 要： | 研究结果表明：在土壤相对含水量(SRWC)为40％～70％范围内，随着水分亏缺加重，小麦根系生长受到限制，根系比表面积(RA)、根水势(RΨw)明显降低，根呼吸(RP)作用加强，根长(RL)变短，根系干物重(RDW)减少；随着土壤水分趋于良好，RΨw明显增加，Rp作用显著降低，SRWC在54％～57％时RA最高，RDW在SRWC为55％～62％之间时最大，而SRWC在55％上下时RL达最长，表明土壤水分趋于轻度干旱有利根系下扎和RA的提高，土壤水分趋于良好有利于根量增长。氮磷营养对根系生理特性具有明显作用。磷营养可显著提高RA，RΨw，RL，RDW，降低Rp，在较为严重干旱条件下，磷对RA，RP，RΨw，RL的调节效果更好。氮素营养对小麦根系生理特性的调节效果与磷相比具有明显的差别。土壤严重干旱，氮引起RΨw的明显下降，为负效应；轻度干旱氮对RΨw无明显作用；在水分良好条件下，氮对RΨw具有显著的正向调节效果。氮营养可使Rp作用明显加强。随着SRWC的提高，增施氮肥可导致RDW的显著增加。小麦RL对氮的反应不敏感。磷除作为一种营养物质促进作物根系生长发育外，在水分胁迫条件下，磷可明显改善植株体内的水分关系，增强对干旱缺水环境的适应能力，提高作物抗旱性。
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| 关 键 词： | 根系 生理特性 土壤水分 氮 磷 小麦 |
ADJUSTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF ROOT SYSTEMS OF WHEAT BY SOIL MOISTURE, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS |
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| Liang Yin-li,Chen Pei-yuan.ADJUSTMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF ROOT SYSTEMS OF WHEAT BY SOIL MOISTURE, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,1996,20(3):255-262. |
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| Authors: | Liang Yin-li Chen Pei-yuan |
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| Abstract: | In the range of soil relative water contents (SRWC) of 40%～70%, we observed that root growth of wheat got limited, root rate area (RA), root water potential (RΨw), root length (RL) and root dry weight (RDW) reduced obviously, root respiration intensity (Rp) increased, as soil water stress got serious. As SRWC increased RΨw increased obviously, Rp reduced, but RL, RDW and RA showed bellshaped response patterns. The maximum value reached for RDW when SRWC was 55%～62%, for RA when SRWC was 54%～57%, and for RL when SRWC was 55%. It is benefit for root deep growth and RA increase when soil moisture tended to be good. Nitrogen and phosphorus had very striking adjustment action on root physiological characters of wheat. Phosphorus nutrition was able to obviously increase RA, RΨw, RL, RDW, but decreased Rp. Especially, under conditions of serious water stress, the adjustment action was even better for RA, RΨw, Rp and RL. There was an obvious difference between nitrogen and phosphorus in adjustment action on root physiological characters of wheat. Under serious water stress, nitrogen was able to lead to decreasing RΨw, and show negative action. Nitrogen had no obvious action on RΨw under a slight drought: it had remarkable positive adjustment action on RΨw when soil water was enough. Nitrogen nutrition was able to raise Rp remarkably. It is of benefit to RDW to enhance application of nitrogen to soil as SRWC increased. The response of RL to nitrogen was not sensitive. Phosphorus could change water relationship in plant body and raise droughtresistance of wheat under water stress besides it acted as a kind of nutrition to promote root growth and development. |
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| Keywords: | Root system physiological characterl Soil moisture Nitrogen Phosphorus Wheat |
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