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地理生态学的干燥度指数及其应用评述
引用本文:孟猛,倪健,张治国.地理生态学的干燥度指数及其应用评述[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(6):853-861.
作者姓名:孟猛  倪健  张治国
作者单位:(1 山东大学生命科学学院,济南250100)(2 中国科学院植物研究所植被数量生态学重点实验室,北京100093)
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划),中国科学院知识创新工程项目,国家自然科学基金
摘    要: 干燥度指数(Aridity index,AI,该文特指气候干燥度)是表征一个地区干湿程度的指标,在地理学和生态学研究中长期应用,近来成为全球变化研究中经常涉及到的气候指标之一,尤其是气候变化和干旱化、荒漠化等研究。该文列举了国内外目前存在的22种干燥度指数,并对目前常用的8种指数进行了详细描述和分析,包括各自的原理、计算方法和在生态学与地理学研究中的应用等。结合其应用和中国的实际状况,分析了各自的优缺点,认为修改后的谢氏干燥度、de Martonne干燥度和Holdridge可能蒸散率(等同于某种意义上的干燥度)计算方法简单实用,有着明确的物理学和生态学意义,与我国的实际情况对应性较强,适合于中国气候变化及其相关的干旱化、荒漠化等方面的研究。

关 键 词:干燥度  可能蒸散量  气候变化  气候区划  干旱化  荒漠化
修稿时间:2003年8月22日

ARIDITY INDEX AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN GEO-ECOLOGICAL STUDY
MENG Meng,NI Jian,and ZHANG Zhi Guo.ARIDITY INDEX AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN GEO-ECOLOGICAL STUDY[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2004,28(6):853-861.
Authors:MENG Meng  NI Jian  and ZHANG Zhi Guo
Affiliation:(1 School of Life Sciences of Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China)
Abstract:The aridity Index (AI, here defined as the climatic aridity) is an index tha t de scribes the dry and wet conditions of a site. Historically, the AI has been ofte n used in long-term studies of geography and ecology. Recently it has became one of the most frequently used climatic factors in studies of global change, espec ially in studies of climate change, ariditification and desertification. A total of 22 AIs used worldwide were briefly introduced in this paper, and of thes e ei ght of the more commonly used AIs were evaluated. We discussed their princip les, c alculation methods, their applications in ecological and geographical studies, a nd the advantages and shortcomings of each indice were analyzed based on their a pplications and practice in China. Our analyses indicated that three AIs, th e mo dified Selianinov AI, the de Martonne AI and the Holdridge potential eva potranspiration ratio (another AI to some extent) have clear applicability and significa nce for physics and ecology. These AIs are suitable for characterizing the phys ical environment of China and can be used in future studies of climate change, a ridification and desertification in China.
Keywords:Aridity index  Potential evapotranspiration  Climatic change  Climate regionaliz ation  Ariditification  Desertification
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