| 汶川地震对大熊猫栖息地的影响与恢复对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 申国珍,谢宗强,冯朝阳,徐文婷,郭柯.汶川地震对大熊猫栖息地的影响与恢复对策[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1417-1425. |
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| 作者姓名： | 申国珍 谢宗强 冯朝阳 徐文婷 郭柯 |
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| 作者单位： | (1 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093); (2 中国环境科学研究院生态环境研究所, 北京 100012) |
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| 基金项目： | 十一五科技支撑课题，国家林业局大熊猫保护项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 大熊猫是生物多样性保护的旗舰种, 保护大熊猫及其栖息地是保护生物多样性和生态系统功能完整性与稳定性的重要保障体现。汶川地震灾区位于大熊猫重点分布区岷山-邛崃山, 地震及其次生灾害导致该区27个大熊猫自然保护区不同程度受损, 8.3%的大熊猫栖息地因地震而被破坏。地震及其次生灾害对大熊猫栖息地的影响主要表现在: 1) 地震埋没和砸毁大熊猫赖以生存的主食竹, 地震可能诱发主食竹开花, 威胁到大熊猫的健康和食物安全; 2) 地震及其诱发的土壤和山石运动显著影响森林的动态特征, 森林大面积丧失或质量下降; 3) 地震改变大熊猫栖息地生境特征, 大熊猫个体交流的廊道阻断, 形成“生殖孤岛”, 遗传多样性降低, 栖息地破碎化进程加快。应对震后大熊猫栖息地恢复的主要对策有: 1) 重新评估震后大熊猫栖息地质量, 并重新规划现有大熊猫保护区群的布局; 2) 应用地理信息系统、遥感及数学模型等手段与野外实地实证研究相结合的方法, 全面查清震后大熊猫栖息地主食竹资源状况及分布规律并及时监测其动态, 复壮更新大熊猫主食竹; 3) 利用天然植被自然恢复和人工重建等措施恢复因地震而退化或丧失的大熊猫栖息地。
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| 关 键 词： | 大熊猫 保护生物学 栖息地 地震 破碎化 主食竹 恢复 |
INFLUENCE OF THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE ON GIANT PANDA HABITATS AND STRATEGIES FOR RESTORATION |
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| SHEN Guo-Zhen,XIE Zong-Qiang,FENG Chao-Yang,XU Wen-Ting,GUO Ke.INFLUENCE OF THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE ON GIANT PANDA HABITATS AND STRATEGIES FOR RESTORATION[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2008,32(6):1417-1425. |
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| Authors: | SHEN Guo-Zhen XIE Zong-Qiang FENG Chao-Yang XU Wen-Ting GUO Ke |
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| Affiliation: | 1State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; 2Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing, 100012, China |
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| Abstract: | Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a flag species for biodiversity conservation. Protecting giant panda and its habitats helps guarantee biodiversity conservation and integrity of ecosystem function. The Wenchuan earthquake occurred in Minshan and Qionglai Mountains, where the most important habitats for giant pandas occur. The earthquake damaged 27 nature reserves for giant pandas and 8.3% of the giant panda habitat. The earthquake and earthquake-induced events such as landslides have important ecological consequences. First, the earthquake damaged bamboo, the main food for giant pandas. At the same time, the earthquake may induce bamboo flowering, which will threaten the food supply of giant pandas. Second, the earthquake and earthquake-induced soil movements and rockslides caused small-scale damage such as treefalls, which will influence forest dynamics through long-term effects on tree mortality, growth and competition. Third, the earthquake will fragment habitats, causing isolation among giant panda populations. Therefore, we propose reassessment of the quality of giant panda habitats at landscape or regional scales and adjustment of the system of nature reserves. In addition, it is necessary to survey and monitor bamboo resources, including their distribution and dynamics, and to regenerate or rejuvenate bamboo. We also propose restoring degraded habitats with natural vegetation and plantings. |
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| Keywords: | Giant panda habitat earthquake bamboo flowering habitat fragmentation |
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