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| 内蒙古典型草原区3种不同草地利用模式下植物功能群及其多样性的变化 | |
| 引用本文： | 马建军,姚虹,冯朝阳,张树礼.内蒙古典型草原区3种不同草地利用模式下植物功能群及其多样性的变化[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(1):1-9. |
| 作者姓名： | 马建军 姚虹 冯朝阳 张树礼 |
| 作者单位： | 廊坊师范学院, 河北廊坊 065000 中国环境科学研究院环境生态科学研究所, 北京 1000l2 内蒙古环境科学研究院, 呼和浩特 010010 |
| 基金项目： | 环境保护部环保公益性行业科研专项 |
| 摘 要： | 以呼伦贝尔草原辉河国家级自然保护区草原群落为研究对象, 选取3块生境条件基本相同的样地(250 m × 250 m) ——放牧场、割草场及公共草场, 每块样地设置3条样带, 每条样带上设置8个样方(1 m × 1 m), 研究了不同草地利用模式下草原群落的物种组成、生物多样性及群落的功能群特征。结果表明: 在放牧场、割草场和公共草场3种不同利用模式下, 植物功能群结构及其多样性发生了变化。灌木、半灌木的累积优势度在各利用模式间差异显著( p< 0.05), 在割草场中最高; 多年生禾草的累积优势度在各利用模式间差异显著(p< 0.05); 一、二年生草本的累积优势度在各利用模式间差异显著(p< 0.05)。旱生植物功能群在公共草场中所占比例最高, 为50%; 中旱生植物在割草场中的百分比最低, 为19%, 且在各利用模式间差异显著(p< 0.05); 各利用模式下, 灌木、半灌木功能群生物量均较低; 随着割草场、公共草场及放牧场3种草地利用模式下利用强度的增加, 多年生禾草和多年生杂类草两大功能群的生物量递减, 而一、二年生草本功能群生物量递增。草地利用强度的增加, 使得草地植物群落结构简单、脆弱。丰富度指数和多样性指数在放牧场最低, 在割草场最高; 均匀度变化并不明显。割草场利用模式有助于改善草原的健康状况, 而放牧场及公共草场利用模式均存在不同程度的过度放牧现象, 尤其是公共草场利用模式由于所有权不明确而缺乏有效的管理, 导致草原退化明显。 |
| 关 键 词： | 生物多样性 功能群 草地利用模式 典型草原区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011-07-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 2011-11-28 |
Changes in plant functional groups and species diversity under three grassland using modes in typical grassland area of Inner Mongolia, China |
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| MA Jian-Jun,YAO Hong,FENG Zhao-Yang,ZHANG Shu-Li.Changes in plant functional groups and species diversity under three grassland using modes in typical grassland area of Inner Mongolia, China[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2012,36(1):1-9. | |
| Authors: | MA Jian-Jun YAO Hong FENG Zhao-Yang ZHANG Shu-Li |
| Affiliation: | Langfang Teacher’s College, Langfang, Hebei 065000, China Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 1000l2, China Inner Mongolia Environmental Science Academy, Hohhot 010010, China |
| Abstract: | Aims Our objectives were to reveal changes in plant functional groups and species diversity under three grassland using modes in typical steppe of Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Three plots in similar habitats were selected from the Hulunbeier steppe area of the Hui River National Nature Reserve: an meadow plot (controlled utilization), pasture plot (moderate utilization) and public pasture plot (severe utilization). Plots were 250 m × 250 m and consisted of three sample belts separated by 20 m. Each sample belt had eight 1 m × 1 m sample plots. Important findings There were differences in species composition and community characteristics of the functional groups. Shrubs and sub-shrubs combined were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the plots, with the highest value in meadow. Perennial grasses were significantly different (p < 0.05). Annual and biennial herbs combined had significant differences (p < 0.05), with the highest value in the public pasture. The public pasture also had the highest percentage of the xerophyte functional group (50%) and the lowest mesoxerophyte and mesophyte (19%), and differences were significant (p < 0.05) among the plots. The biomass of shrubs and sub-shrubs were lower in all plots. The combined biomass of perennial grasses and forbs decreased with the increase in grassland use intensity among meadow, pasture and public pasture, while the combined biomass of annual and biennial herbs increased. With the increase in use intensity, the community structure and composition tended to become simplified and susceptible to change. Richness and diversity were lowest in the pasture and highest in meadow. Differences in evenness were not significant. The use of meadow contributed to improving the health of the grassland, but pasture and public pasture exhibited over-grazing phenomena. The public pasture had degraded significantly because of the uncertainty about property responsibility and ineffective management. |
| Keywords: | biological diversity functional group grassland using modes typical grassland area |
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