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| 2008年南方低温对我国红树植物的破坏作用 | |
| 引用本文： | 陈鹭真,王文卿,张宜辉,黄丽,赵春磊,杨盛昌,杨志伟,陈粤超,徐华林,钟才荣,苏博,方柏州,陈乃明,曾传志,林光辉.2008年南方低温对我国红树植物的破坏作用[J].植物生态学报,2010,34(2):186-194. |
| 作者姓名： | 陈鹭真 王文卿 张宜辉 黄丽 赵春磊 杨盛昌 杨志伟 陈粤超 徐华林 钟才荣 苏博 方柏州 陈乃明 曾传志 林光辉 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 滨海湿地生态系统教育部重点实验室,厦门大学生命科学学院,福建厦门,361005 2. 广东湛江红树林国家级自然保护区管理局,广东湛江,524088 3. 广东内伶仃-福田国家级自然保护区管理局,广东深圳,518040 4. 海南东寨港国家级自然保护区管理局,海南海口,571129 5. 广西北仑河口国家级自然保护区管理局,广西防城港,538021 6. 福建漳江口国家级红树林湿地自然保护区管理局,福建云霄,363300 7. 广西钦州市林业科学研究所,广西钦州,535000 8. 海南清澜港自然保护区管理站,海南文昌,571300 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，厦门大学闽江学者启动基金 |
| 摘 要： | 2008年初,我国南方19个省经历了50年一遇的持续低温雨雪冰冻天气。极端气候对华南沿海各省的红树林区造成不同程度的危害。2008年3月,在我国南方各省红树林区的10个代表性地点,对这次寒害造成的红树植物伤害程度进行了系统的调查。结果表明:冬季低温对红树林的影响极为显著,特别是在低纬度的海南、广西和广东湛江,由于极端低温正值夜间退潮,对红树林的影响更为显著;在纬度较高的福建,本地红树种类秋茄(Kandelia obovata)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)和白骨壤(Avicennia marina)及引种的木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)等,由于长期适应于冬季较低的气温或在种植前经过抗寒锻炼,具有较强的抗寒能力。各地主要红树植物中,广布种秋茄、桐花树和白骨壤最为耐寒,其耐寒性均大于红树科的木榄、海莲(Bruguiera sexangula)和红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)。海桑(Sonneratia caseolaris)对温度的敏感性最强,抗寒能力最低,因此,即使在其原产地海南也受到较为严重的寒害,在纬度更高的引种地出现大面积受害甚至全部死亡,而从孟加拉国引种的无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)却显示出一定的抗寒能力。同一地点的红树植物幼苗的抗寒能力低于大树。此次寒害也造成了苗圃场的种苗大量死亡,成熟的植株提前落花落果,这势必会影响后继一两年内红树林的自然更新和人工造林。因此,在未来红树林造林或人工引种中,一定要考虑到红树植物的抗寒能力。 |
| 关 键 词： | 红树植物 寒害 抗寒 极端气温 气候变化 |
Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China |
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| CHEN Lu-Zhen,WANG Wen-Qing,ZHANG Yi-Hui,HUANG Li,ZHAO Chun-Lei,YANG Sheng-Chang,YANG Zhi-Wei,CHEN Yue-Chao,XU Hua-Lin,ZHONG Cai-Rong,SU Bo,FANG Bai-Zhou,CHEN Nai-Ming,ZENG Chuan-Zhi,LIN Guang-Hui.Damage to mangroves from extreme cold in early 2008 in southern China[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2010,34(2):186-194. | |
| Authors: | CHEN Lu-Zhen WANG Wen-Qing ZHANG Yi-Hui HUANG Li ZHAO Chun-Lei YANG Sheng-Chang YANG Zhi-Wei CHEN Yue-Chao XU Hua-Lin ZHONG Cai-Rong SU Bo FANG Bai-Zhou CHEN Nai-Ming ZENG Chuan-Zhi LIN Guang-Hui |
| Abstract: | Aims Unusually low temperatures associated with heavy rain, snow and frost occurred in 19 provinces in south-ern China in January-February 2008. Our objectives were to evaluate the impact of the cold weather event on mangroves and to compare differences in cold tolerance between exotic and native mangrove species. Methods In March 2008, we conducted an intensive survey of cold damage in ten mangrove nature reserves along the coastal areas of mainland China. Parameters such as scorch percentage, defoliation percentage and leaf Fv/Fm values (an indicator of leaf physiological health)were determined on selected seedlings and trees of the mangrove species at each site.Important findings With low latitudes in Hainan, Guangxi and Zhanjiang of Guangdong, low air temperature coupled with the ebb tide at night, which caused serious damage to several mangrove species. However, native mangrove species in Fujian, such as Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina and trans-planted Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, which were adapted to low temperature events in winters, had higher cold resis-tance. Among all mangrove species surveyed, K. obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina were the most cold-resistant, followed by B. gymnorrhiza, B. sexangula and Rhizophora stylosa, which belong to the family Rhizophoraceae. Sonneratia caseolaris was the least cold-resistent mangrove species, having suffered se-rious damage or even complete loss in some locations. S. apetala introduced from Bangladesh showed much less damage than its counterpart S. caseolaris, indicating higher resistance to low temperature. Furthermore, mangrove seedlings were more sensitive than mature trees. The extreme cold event killed many mangrove seedlings in the nurseries and caused immature flowers and fruits to drop from trees, which would have an adverse effect on man-grove natural reproduction and reforestation projects. Thus, it is essential to consider cold resistance in future mangrove afforestration and restoration projects. |
| Keywords: | chilling climate change cold resistance extreme temperature mangroves |
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