| 南京中山植物园秋冬季鸟类对植物种子的传播作用 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 李新华,尹晓明,贺善安.南京中山植物园秋冬季鸟类对植物种子的传播作用[J].生物多样性,2001,9(1):68-72. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 李新华 尹晓明 贺善安 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 南京农业大学,
2. 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所, |
| |
| 摘 要： | 1999年10月20日－2000年1月20日，在南京中山植物园内随机收集鸟粪样品160份，共分离出874粒结构完整的种子和果核、3块鞘翅目昆虫残体和1块鸟类羽毛残块。已鉴定出842粒种子和果核，分属于16科20属26种（变种）。在鸟粪样品中出现频率较高的种子依次分别属于冬青（Ilex purpurea)(22.22%)、圆柏（Sabina chinensis)(11.11%)、盐肤木（Rhus chinensis)(10.63%)、朴树（Celtis sinensis)(9．18％）、爬山虎（Parthenocissus tricuspidata)(7.73%)、龙柏（S.chinensis cv.kaizuca)(7.25%)等；种子数量相对较多的植物种类主要有冬青（23．52％）、盐肤木（16．15％）、圆柏（13．54％）、爬山虎（7．96％）、龙柏（7．96％）、小果蔷薇（Rosa cymosa)(5.34%)等。除经鸟粪传播外，鸟类还通过衔取果实以及在吞食果实后将种子呕出的方式传播种子。初步发芽试验表明，鸟粪样品中的爬山虎、盐肤木的种子，以及被鸟呕出的樟树（Cinnamomum camphora)、楝树（Melia azedarach)的种子均可发芽出苗。鸟类传播种子使南京中山植物园内樟树、冬青、海桐（Pittosporum tobira)和红豆杉（Taxus chinensis)等栽培树种成功地侵入到位于植物园北缘的虎山山坡黑松（Pinus thunbergii)、枫香（Liquidambar formosana)群落、以及植物园内山溪边的枫杨（Pterocarya stenoptera)、朴树群落等生境中。鸟类对种子的传播作用扩大了南京中山植物园内那些具有肉质果实、种子具有坚硬种皮或种子包被于坚硬果核中的植物种类的分布范围，促进了它们的自然更新。
|
| 关 键 词： | 食果鸟 鸟粪 种子 种子传播 南京中山植物园 冬季 秋季 植物种子 鸟类 传播作用 |
| 文章编号： | 1005-0094（2001）01-0068-05 |
| 收稿时间： | 2000-9-11 |
| 修稿时间： | 2000年9月11日 |
Seed dispersal by
frugivorous birds in Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen in autumn and winter |
| |
| LI Xin-Hua,YIN Xiao-ming,HE Shan-an.Seed dispersal by
frugivorous birds in Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen in autumn and winter[J].Biodiversity Science,2001,9(1):68-72. |
| |
| Authors: | LI Xin-Hua YIN Xiao-ming HE Shan-an |
| |
| Abstract: | Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen is located in the southern foot of Zhongshan Mountain. Avian frugivores such as Turdus merula, Pycnonotus sinensis, Garrulax perspicillatus, Cyanopica cyana, Streptopelia orientalis and Turdus naumanni feed mainly on tree fruits in the garden during autumn and winter. One hundred and sixty samples of birds faeces were randomly collected within the garden from October 20, 1999 to January 20, 2000. Totally 874 intact seeds, which were generally enclosed by a hard seed coat or by hard endocarp，three pieces of insect remnants of Coleoptera and one remnant of bird were found in these birds’ faeces. Among the seeds, 842 have been identified as belonging to 26 plant species of 20 genera and 16 families. Plant species comprising the highest percentage in frequency in the 160 samples of birds’ faeces are Ilex purpurea（22.2%）, Sabina chinensis(11.1%), Rhus chinensis（10.6%）, Celtis sinensis（9.2%）, Parthenocissus tricuspidata (7.7%) and Sabina chinensis cv. kaizuca(7.3%). Plant species with highest percentage of seed number in the samples are Ilex purpurea（23.5%）, Rhus chinensis（16.2%）, Sabina chinensis（13.5%）,Parthenocissus tricuspidata（8.0%）, Sabina chinensis cv. kaizuca（8.0%）and Rosa cymosa（5.3%）. Avian frugivores may disperse from the parent trees by (i) ingesting fruits around the parent trees, then defecating or regurgitating the seeds away from it, or (ii) picking the fruits up away from the parent trees. Both fecal-borne seeds, such as Rhus chinensis and Parthenocissus tricuspidata, and regurgitated seeds, such as Cinnamomum camphora and Melia azedarach, were viable to produce seedlings based on a preliminary germination test. Seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora，Ilex purpurea, Pittosporum tobira, Taxus chinensis and some other trees cultivated in the garden have successfully invaded into a natural Pinus thunbergii - Liquidambar formosana community on a hillside at the edge of the garden and into a natural Pterocarya stenoptera - Celtis sinensis community beside a mountain stream through the garden, as a result of seed dispersal by frugivorous birds. Avian seed dispersers have spread the distribution of some cultivated fleshy-fruiting species in the botanical garden and have promoted their natural regeneration. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 维普 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《生物多样性》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《生物多样性》下载全文 |
|
