| 竹类植物叶片上八种蚜虫的形态变异分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 方燕,乔格侠,张广学.竹类植物叶片上八种蚜虫的形态变异分析[J].昆虫学报,2006,49(6):991-1001. |
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| 作者姓名： | 方燕 乔格侠 张广学 |
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| 作者单位： | （中国科学院动物研究所，北京100080） |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金;国家基础科学人才培养基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 选取寄生于竹类植物叶片上的3科6属共8种蚜虫，即居竹舞蚜Astegopteryx bambusifoliae Takahashi、小舞蚜Astegopteryx minuta (van der Goot)、居竹坚蚜Cerataphis bambusifoliae Takahashi、林栖粉角蚜Ceratovacuna silvestrii (Takahashi)、塔毛角蚜Chaitoregma tattakana (Takahashi)、竹色蚜Melanaphis bambusae (Fullaway)、竹纵斑蚜Takecallis arundinariae (Essig)和竹梢凸唇斑蚜 Takecallis taiwanus (Takahashi)，在光学显微镜下观察并测量了34个形态特征；统计比较了28个形态特征在种内的变异。通过主成分分析筛选形态特征，每两两特征对应统计作图，标出每种蚜虫的95％椭圆置信区间进行分析。结果表明，体形、腹管和触角的形态在不同的科间有较大差别，喙末端、跗节Ⅰ、跗节Ⅱ及爪的形态在科间有较高的趋同性；在种内各形态特征存在一定变异，其中喙末端 （CV=3.73%～7.59%）、跗节Ⅰ （CV=4.16%～12.05%）、跗节Ⅱ （CV=3.10%～8.39%）和爪（CV=2.60%～11.68%）的变异都很小。主成分分析筛选的第一主成分为喙末端、跗节Ⅰ、跗节Ⅱ和爪，不同的椭圆区间范围提示这些特征组合基本处于稳定的范围内。与蚜虫的取食行为和附着于植物表面相关的形态特征，如喙末端、跗节Ⅰ、跗节Ⅱ和爪等在不同类群间存在显著的相似性，暗示了寄生于竹类植物叶片的蚜虫在这些形态特征上的趋同适应。最后结合蚜虫的生物学信息，初步探讨了形态适应的机制。
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| 关 键 词： | 蚜虫 寄主植物 竹类 形态特征 形态适应 |
| 文章编号： | 0454-6296（2006）06-0991-11 |
| 收稿时间： | 03 3 2006 12:00AM |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-03-032006-09-26 |
Morphometric variation of eight aphid species feeding on the leaves of bamboos |
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| FANG Yan,QIAO Ge-Xia,ZHANG Guang-Xue.Morphometric variation of eight aphid species feeding on the leaves of bamboos[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2006,49(6):991-1001. |
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| Authors: | FANG Yan QIAO Ge-Xia ZHANG Guang-Xue |
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| Affiliation: | (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China) |
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| Abstract: | Morphological variation of eight aphid species feeding on the leaves of bamboos, viz. Astegopteryx bambusifoliae (Takahashi), Astegopteryx minuta (van der Goot), Cerataphis bambusifoliae Takahashi, Ceratovacuna silvestrii (Takahashi) and Chaitoregma tattakana (Takahashi) of Hormaphididae, Melanaphis bambusae (Fullaway) of Aphididae, and Takecallis arundinariae(Essig) and Takecallis taiwanus (Takahashi) of Drepanosiphidae, were studied based on morphometric data of 34 morphological characters, of which 28 characters were statistically analysed. The results indicated that some characters, such as body, siphunculi and antennae, were very different among the three families, but some others, such as the ultimate rostral segments, tarsal segmentsⅠ, tarsal segmentsⅡ and claws, were similar. The variations of the following characters within species were quite small: ultimate rostral segments (CV=3.73%-7.59%), tarsal segmentsⅠ(CV=4.16%-12.05%), tarsal segmentsⅡ (CV=3.10%-8.39%) and claws (CV=2.60%-11.68%). Principal component analysis filtered the first principal component, which included the characters of ultimate rostral segments, tarsal segmentsⅠ, tarsal segmentsⅡ and claws. The bivariate plots (ovals in plots were 95% confident elipses for every species) of these characters showed steady ranges. The results showed that the characters, such as ultimate rostral segments, tarsi and claws, which are related to aphid feeding behavior and adhesion on the surfaces of plants, were obviously similar among different taxa. These suggested that convergent adaptation occurred in these characters of the aphid species on the leaves' surfaces of bamboos. Combined with biological data of these aphids, the mechanism of morphological adaptation in these species was tentatively discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Aphids host plants bamboos morphological characters morphological adaptation |
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