| 苹果园植被多样化在果树害虫持续治理中的作用 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 于毅,严毓骅.苹果园植被多样化在果树害虫持续治理中的作用[J].昆虫学报,1998,41(-1):82-90. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 于毅 严毓骅 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 1992-1995年对四个不同类型苹果园进行了系统调查，结果表明引入夏至草、泥胡菜等有益杂草并与树行间种植的紫花苜蓿搭配的生草园，捕食性天敌发生量大，种群稳定，发生高峰期较免耕园、清耕园提前7d左右；害虫发生量低，种群数量变化平稳，无突增现象，生草园在未施用任何杀虫、杀螨剂的情况下，树冠上蚜虫、叶螨和潜叶蛾的平均虫口密度均低于免耕园、清耕稀植园和密植园。生草园寄生性天敌的数量亦明显增加，金纹细蛾的寄生率高达62.7%，分别是免耕园、清耕稀植和密植园的1.34倍、16.9倍和17.9倍。果园植被多样化可使地面植被上的天敌数量逐年成倍提高，生草第3年捕食性天敌的数量是生草当年的12.5倍，树冠上天敌量亦明显增加，益害比大大提高，生草第2年树冠上最大蝽螨比为1∶14.4，与原先油菜与紫花苜蓿搭配生草5年的效果相近。除当年生草果园(1992年)早期施用1次杀螨剂—螨克外，1993、1994年均未施用任何杀虫、杀螨剂，通过天敌的自然控制作用，有效地控制果树害螨、蚜虫和金纹细蛾等次生性害虫的为害。
|
| 关 键 词： | 植被多样化 害虫持续治理 苹果园 有益杂草 天敌 |
A STUDY ON THE PLANT DIVERSITY IN APPLE ORCHARDS TOWARDSUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT |
| |
| YuYi,YanYuhua.A STUDY ON THE PLANT DIVERSITY IN APPLE ORCHARDS TOWARDSUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,1998,41(-1):82-90. |
| |
| Authors: | YuYi YanYuhua |
| |
| Abstract: | In 1992- 1995, investigation on apple insect pests and their natural enemies in fourdifferent apple orchard ecosystems was systematically carried out in Beijing, the results showed that the density of predators on the apple trees in cover cropping system was higher than non-tiUage or clean cultivated system. Increasing plant diversity in apple orchard ecosystems plays an important role in stabilizing the beneficial enemies. The number of predators on the apple trees in cover cropping system was higher, and the peak population density of mites or aphids or leaf miners was lower than the non-tillage system and clean cultivated system. During the last two years' the predators and parasitoids had controlled the secondary inducedpests, such as spider - mites, aphids and leaf miners, eliminating any need for pesticide applications. The ratio of parasitized Lithocolletis rignoniella Mats in cover cropped system was 62.7 %, which was 1.34 times as large as in the non-tillaged system and 16.9 times as large as in the light planting clean cultivated system and 17.9 times as large as in the combine planting clean cultivated system. A new design of cover cropping system consisted of two beneficial weeds, the Lagopsis supina and Hemistepta lyrata Bunge under the canopy of tree, instead of the chinese rape and cover crop,the alfalfa, in the row of apple trees. In comparison with the past cover cropping system, the population density of predators on cover crops in the 3rd year after new cover cropping system was 12.5times as large as in the first year. The density of predators on apple trees was evidently increased. The predator/prey ratio was changed from 1:34.9 in the first year after new cover cropping systemto 1: 14.4 in the second year after new cropping system, the result was equal to the ratio in the 5th year after the past cover cropping system. |
| |
| Keywords: | plant diversity sustainable pest management apple orchard beneficial weeds natu- ral enemy |
|
| 点击此处可从《昆虫学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
|
点击此处可从《昆虫学报》下载全文 |
|
