| 四川蜂桶寨国家自然保护区地表甲虫物种多样性 |
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| 引用本文： | 于晓东,罗天宏,周红章.四川蜂桶寨国家自然保护区地表甲虫物种多样性[J].昆虫学报,2003,46(5):609-616. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于晓东 罗天宏 周红章 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院动物研究所,北京,100080 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目 (G2 0 0 0 0 4680 0 )，国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 9970 0 90 )，中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目 (KSCX3 IOZ 0 1)，国家基础科学人才培养基金项目 (NSFC J0 0 3 0 0 92 ) |
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| 摘 要： | 在四川雅安蜂桶寨国家自然保护区（102°48′～103°18′ E，30°42′～30°54′ N）及其周边地区，就森林片段化和生态恢复程度的不同，选择4个代表地点，即位于保护区核心地带、以阔叶混交林为主的蜂桶寨天然林区（海拔1680～2080 m），受到经济开发干扰但植被类型丰富的锅巴岩天然林区（海拔2 280～3 340 m）、以人工针叶林进行生态恢复的蚂蝗沟人工林区（海拔2430～2525 m），以及森林高度片段化的双石镇农耕区（海拔870～1 165 m），共设26块样地，以巴氏罐诱法为主研究地表甲虫的群落组成和多样性变化。本研究共采集甲虫标本 2.338 号，隐翅虫数量最多，占39.6%；步甲次之，占29.3%，拟步甲、象甲和叶甲的数量也各在5% 以上，它们共同构成该地区地表甲虫的优势类群。锅巴岩物种的个体数量和丰富度（S）以及多样性指数（H′）较高；蚂蝗沟均匀度指数（J）较高，丰富度较低；蜂桶寨天然林区个体数量较少；双石镇农耕区的多样性和均匀度指数较低。锅巴岩、蜂桶寨和蚂蝗沟间物种分布都有一定程度的相似性，但后两者相似性程度更高，双石镇物种分布与其他3个地点差异较大，这反映了不同地点间的生境异质性和森林植被片段化程度的差异。整个鞘翅目、隐翅虫科和步甲科的个体数量分布在针叶林内较多，在阔叶林内较少；拟步甲科的数量分布在高山灌丛内较多；叶甲科的数量分布在针叶林较多；象甲科除了竹林外，在其他植被内的数量均较多。在总体趋势上，随着海拔的升高，在蜂桶寨和锅巴岩两个邻近的天然林地点，整个鞘翅目以及优势甲虫类群的种类和个体数量也逐渐增多。比较蜂桶寨林区内的个体数量、丰富度和多样性指数，北坡均大于南坡。以上结果表明，物种多样性与海拔、坡向以及生境类型密切相关，森林片段化和生态恢复对物种多样性有显著的影响。因此，在改善森林片段化进行生态恢复时，采取合理措施，增加生境异质性，有助于提高该地区地表甲虫物种多样性。
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| 关 键 词： | 地表甲虫 植被 森林片段化 物种多样性 蜂桶寨国家自然保护区 |
| 文章编号： | 0454-6296(2003)05-0609-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2002年12月16 |
Species diversity of litter-layer beetles in the Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province |
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| YU Xiao-Dong,LUO Tian-Hong,ZHOU Hong-Zhang.Species diversity of litter-layer beetles in the Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2003,46(5):609-616. |
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| Authors: | YU Xiao-Dong LUO Tian-Hong ZHOU Hong-Zhang |
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| Affiliation: | YU Xiao-Dong,LUO Tian-Hong,ZHOU Hong-Zhang * |
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| Abstract: | The litter layer beetle species diversity in Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve (102°48′-103°18′ E，30°42′-30°54′ N) and adjacent areas, Sichuan, Southwest China was surveyed. Four local sites were selected to represent the degree of forest fragmentation and coverage of different vegetation. Fengtongzhai (elevation 1 680-2 080 m) is located in the core of the Nature Reserve and is covered with well protected native, mixed, broad leaved forests. Guobayan (elevation 2 280-3 340 m) is a site covered with various native vegetation types, but disturbed by intensive human activities. Mahuanggou (elevation 2 430-2 525 m) represents a site with a well developed secondary coniferous lantation. Shuangshizhen (elevation 870-1 165 m) is covered with fragmented plantations surrounding by farmlands. Using mainly pitfall traps, we built up 26 plots to investigate how the species diversity of litter layer beetles was influenced by factors such as forest fragmentation, elevation, slope aspect and habitat differentiation etc. Field collections were conducted from June 29 to July 5, 2001. During field research, a total of 2 338 beetle specimens were captured, of which the family Staphylinidae comprised 396%, Carabidae 29.3%, and Tenebrionidae, Curculionidae and Chrysomelidae each more than 5% of the total. These five families can be considered as common in the study area. Of the four local sites selected, Guobayan had the highest individual numbers, richness (S) and diversity (H′). Mahuanggou had the highest evenness (J) and the lowest value of richness. Shuangshizhen had the lowest values of diversity and evenness. Fengtongzhai was much more homogenous in habitat variations and thus did not show any extremes of diversity, evenness or richness. The beetle community in the fragmented forest of Shuangshizhen was very different from those at the other three sites. The community at Mahuanggou was more similar to that in Fengtongzhai than Guobayan. Four main types of vegetation were compared. Coleoptera, Staphylinidae and Carabidae were found to be more abundant in coniferous forest than in mixed broad leaved forest. Tenebrionidae preferred shrub land, and Chrysomelidae preferred coniferous forest. Curculionidae had the fewest individuals in bamboo. At Fengtongzhai and Guobayan, species and individuals of Coleoptera and dominant beetle families exhibited an overall tendency of increasing with elevation. In ten plots at Fengtongzhai, the north facing plots were found to have the greater numbers of individual beetles, richness and diversity than the south facing ones. Based on these results, weconclude that forest fragmentation, elevation, slope aspect, and vegetation variation (habitat types) influence the species diversity of the litter layer beetle communities in Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve. Therefore, for forest protection and restoration in this region, efforts to maintain or restore habitat heterogeneity will help to maintain or increase the species diversity of litter layer beetles. |
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| Keywords: | litter-layer beetles vegetation forest fragmentation species diversity nature reserve |
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