Separable mechanisms of attachment and cell uptake during retrovirus infection |
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| Authors: | Sharma S Miyanohara A Friedmann T |
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| Affiliation: | Center for Molecular Genetics and Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0634, USA. |
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| Abstract: | In the absence of viral envelope gene expression, cells expressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag and pol, accessory HIV functions, and a vector genome RNA produce and secrete large amount of noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs) into the conditioned medium. After partial purification, such HIV-1 VLPs can be made infectious in cell-free conditions in vitro by complex formation with lipofection reagents or with the G protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-G). The resulting in vitro-modified HIV-1 particles are able to infect nondividing cells. Infectivity of envelope-free HIV VLPs can also be induced by prior modification of target cells through exposure to partially purified VSV-G vesicles. Similarly, infection can be carried out by attachment of envelope-free noninfectious VLPs to unmodified cells followed by subsequent treatment of cells with VSV-G. We interpret these findings to indicate that interaction between a viral envelope and a cell surface receptor is not necessary for the initial virus binding to the cells but is required for subsequent cell entry and infection. |
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