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Global agricultural intensification during climate change: a role for genomics
Authors:Michael Abberton  Jacqueline Batley  Alison Bentley  John Bryant  Hongwei Cai  James Cockram  Antonio Costa de Oliveira  Leland J Cseke  Hannes Dempewolf  Ciro De Pace  David Edwards  Paul Gepts  Andy Greenland  Anthony E Hall  Robert Henry  Kiyosumi Hori  Glenn Thomas Howe  Stephen Hughes  Mike Humphreys  David Lightfoot  Athole Marshall  Sean Mayes  Henry T Nguyen  Francis C Ogbonnaya  Rodomiro Ortiz  Andrew H Paterson  Roberto Tuberosa  Babu Valliyodan  Rajeev K Varshney  Masahiro Yano
Affiliation:1. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria;2. School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia;3. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;4. The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, Cambridge, UK;5. Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK;6. Forage Crop Research Institute, Japan Grassland Agriculture and Forage Seed Association, Nasushiobara, Japan;7. Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;8. Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Eliseu Maciel School of Agriculture, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil;9. Department of Biological Sciences Huntsville, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA;10. Global Crop Diversity Trust, Bonn, Germany;11. Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy;12. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA;13. University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA;14. The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia;15. National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;16. Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA;17. University of Exeter, Exeter, UK;18. Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, UK;19. College of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA;20. Biotechnology and Crop Genetics, Crops for the Future, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;21. Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA;22. Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC), Canberra, Australia;23. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden;24. Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA;25. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;26. Centre of Excellence in Genomics, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐ Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, India;27. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Crop Science, Tsukuba, Japan
Abstract:Agriculture is now facing the ‘perfect storm’ of climate change, increasing costs of fertilizer and rising food demands from a larger and wealthier human population. These factors point to a global food deficit unless the efficiency and resilience of crop production is increased. The intensification of agriculture has focused on improving production under optimized conditions, with significant agronomic inputs. Furthermore, the intensive cultivation of a limited number of crops has drastically narrowed the number of plant species humans rely on. A new agricultural paradigm is required, reducing dependence on high inputs and increasing crop diversity, yield stability and environmental resilience. Genomics offers unprecedented opportunities to increase crop yield, quality and stability of production through advanced breeding strategies, enhancing the resilience of major crops to climate variability, and increasing the productivity and range of minor crops to diversify the food supply. Here we review the state of the art of genomic‐assisted breeding for the most important staples that feed the world, and how to use and adapt such genomic tools to accelerate development of both major and minor crops with desired traits that enhance adaptation to, or mitigate the effects of climate change.
Keywords:climate change  food security  sustainability
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