Genetic variation and population structure in native Americans |
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| Authors: | Wang Sijia Lewis Cecil M Jakobsson Mattias Ramachandran Sohini Ray Nicolas Bedoya Gabriel Rojas Winston Parra Maria V Molina Julio A Gallo Carla Mazzotti Guido Poletti Giovanni Hill Kim Hurtado Ana M Labuda Damian Klitz William Barrantes Ramiro Bortolini Maria Cátira Salzano Francisco M Petzl-Erler Maria Luiza Tsuneto Luiza T Llop Elena Rothhammer Francisco Excoffier Laurent Feldman Marcus W Rosenberg Noah A Ruiz-Linares Andrés |
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| Affiliation: | The Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom. |
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| Abstract: | We examined genetic diversity and population structure in the American landmass using 678 autosomal microsatellite markers genotyped in 422 individuals representing 24 Native American populations sampled from North, Central, and South America. These data were analyzed jointly with similar data available in 54 other indigenous populations worldwide, including an additional five Native American groups. The Native American populations have lower genetic diversity and greater differentiation than populations from other continental regions. We observe gradients both of decreasing genetic diversity as a function of geographic distance from the Bering Strait and of decreasing genetic similarity to Siberians--signals of the southward dispersal of human populations from the northwestern tip of the Americas. We also observe evidence of: (1) a higher level of diversity and lower level of population structure in western South America compared to eastern South America, (2) a relative lack of differentiation between Mesoamerican and Andean populations, (3) a scenario in which coastal routes were easier for migrating peoples to traverse in comparison with inland routes, and (4) a partial agreement on a local scale between genetic similarity and the linguistic classification of populations. These findings offer new insights into the process of population dispersal and differentiation during the peopling of the Americas. |
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