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Role of climate and herbivory on native and alien conifer seedling recruitment at and above the Fennoscandian tree line |
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| Authors: | Fidele Bognounou Philip E Hulme Lauri Oksanen Otso Suominen Johan Olofsson |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Ume? University, Ume?, Sweden;2. Bio‐Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand;3. Department of Natural Science, Finnmark University College, Alta, Norway;4. Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland;5. Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku, Finland |
| Abstract: | |
| Keywords: | biological invasions conifer exclosures lemmings propagule pressure reindeer seedling recruitment seedling survival tundra vole |
