beta-lactam antibiotics induce the SOS response and horizontal transfer of virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus |
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| Authors: | Maiques Elisa Ubeda Carles Campoy Susana Salvador Noelia Lasa Iñigo Novick Richard P Barbé Jordi Penadés José R |
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| Affiliation: | Elisa Maiques, Carles Úbeda, Susana Campoy, Noelia Salvador, Íñigo Lasa, Richard P. Novick, Jordi Barbé, and José R. Penadés |
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| Abstract: | Antibiotics that interfere with DNA replication and cell viability activate the SOS response. In Staphylococcus aureus, the antibiotic-induced SOS response promotes replication and high-frequency horizontal transfer of pathogenicity island-encoded virulence factors. Here we report that β-lactams induce a bona fide SOS response in S. aureus, characterized by the activation of the RecA and LexA proteins, the two master regulators of the SOS response. Moreover, we show that β-lactams are capable of triggering staphylococcal prophage induction in S. aureus lysogens. Consequently, and as previously described for SOS induction by commonly used fluoroquinolone antibiotics, β-lactam-mediated phage induction also resulted in replication and high-frequency transfer of the staphylococcal pathogenicity islands, showing that such antibiotics may have the unintended consequence of promoting the spread of bacterial virulence factors. |
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