A common and recurrent 13-bp deletion in the autoimmune regulator gene in British kindreds with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1. |
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| Authors: | S H Pearce T Cheetham H Imrie B Vaidya N D Barnes R W Bilous D Carr K Meeran N J Shaw C S Smith A D Toft G Williams and P Kendall-Taylor |
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| Affiliation: | 1Departments of Medicine and Child Health, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;2Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge;3Diabetes Centre, Middlesbrough General Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom;4Department of Medicine, North Tees General Hospital, Stockton on Tees, United Kingdom;5Department of Endocrinology, Hammersmith Hospital, London;6Endocrine Unit, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom;7Endocrine Unit, Alder Hey Hospital, Liverpool;8Department of Medicine, Fazakerley Hospital, Liverpool;9Endocrine Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh |
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| Abstract: | Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy type 1 (APS1) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by autoimmune hypoparathyroidism, autoimmune adrenocortical failure, and mucocutaneous candidiasis. Recently, an autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE-1), which is located on chromosome 21q22.3, has been identified, and mutations in European kindreds with APS1 have been described. We used SSCP analysis and direct DNA sequencing to screen the entire 1,635-bp coding region of AIRE-1 in 12 British families with APS1. A 13-bp deletion (964del13) was found to account for 17 of the 24 possible mutant AIRE-1 alleles, in our kindreds. This mutation was found to occur de novo in one affected subject. A common haplotype spanning the AIRE-1 locus was found in chromosomes that carried the 964del13 mutation, suggesting a founder effect in our population. One of 576 normal subjects was also a heterozygous carrier of the 964del13 mutation. Six other point mutations were found in AIRE-1, including two 1-bp deletions, three missense mutations (R15L, L28P, and Y90C), and a nonsense mutation (R257*). The high frequency of the 964del13 allele and the clustering of the other AIRE-1 mutations may allow rapid molecular screening for APS1 in British kindreds. Furthermore, the prevalence of the 964del13 AIRE-1 mutation may have implications in the pathogenesis of the more common autoimmune endocrinopathies in our population. |
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