| 新一代遥感技术助力生态系统生态学研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 郭庆华,胡天宇,马勤,徐可心,杨秋丽,孙千惠,李玉美,苏艳军.新一代遥感技术助力生态系统生态学研究[J].植物生态学报,2020,44(4):418-435. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郭庆华 胡天宇 马勤 徐可心 杨秋丽 孙千惠 李玉美 苏艳军 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093, 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0503905);中国科学院重点部署项目(KFZD-SW-319-06) |
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| 摘 要： | 随着气候变化和人类活动的加剧, 生态系统正处于剧烈变化中, 生态学家需要从更大的时空尺度去理解生态系统过程和变化规律, 应对全球变化带来的威胁和挑战。传统地面调查方法主要获取的是样方尺度、离散的数据, 难以满足大尺度生态系统研究对数据时空连续性的要求。相比于传统地面调查方法, 遥感技术具有实时获取、重复监测以及多时空尺度的特点, 弥补了传统地面调查方法空间观测尺度有限的缺点。遥感通过分析电磁波信息从而识别地物属性和特征, 反演生态系统组成、能量流动和物质循环过程中的关键要素, 已逐渐成为生态学研究中必不可少的数据来源。近年来, 随着激光雷达、日光诱导叶绿素荧光等新型遥感技术以及无人机、背包等近地面遥感平台的发展, 个人化、定制化的近地面遥感观测逐渐成熟, 新一代遥感技术正在推动遥感信息“二维向三维”的转变, 为传统样地观测与卫星遥感之间搭建了尺度推绎桥梁, 这也给生态系统生态学带来了新的机遇, 推动生态系统生态学向多尺度、多过程、多学科、多途径发展。因此, 该文从生态系统生态学角度出发, 重点关注陆地生态系统中生物组分, 并分别从生态系统类型、结构、功能和生物多样性等方面, 结合作者在实际研究工作中的主要成果和该领域国际前沿动态, 阐述遥感技术在生态系统生态学中的研究现状并指出我国生态系统遥感监测领域发展方向及亟待解决的问题。
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| 关 键 词： | 近地面遥感 激光雷达 无人机 高光谱 日光诱导叶绿素荧光 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-08-06 |
Advances for the new remote sensing technology in ecosystem ecology research |
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| GUO Qing-Hua,HU Tian-Yu,MA Qin,XU Ke-Xin,YANG Qiu-Li,SUN Qian-Hui,LI Yu-Mei,SU Yan-Jun.Advances for the new remote sensing technology in ecosystem ecology research[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2020,44(4):418-435. |
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| Authors: | GUO Qing-Hua HU Tian-Yu MA Qin XU Ke-Xin YANG Qiu-Li SUN Qian-Hui LI Yu-Mei SU Yan-Jun |
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| Affiliation: | State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | As the increasing pressure caused by climatic changes and human activities, the structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems are undergoing dramatic changes. Understanding how ecosystem processes change at large spatial-temporal scales is crucial for dealing with the threats and challenges posed by global climate change. Traditional field survey method can obtain accurate plot-level ecosystem observations, but it is difficult to be used to address large-scale ecosystem patterns and processes because of spatial and temporal discontinuities. Compared to traditional field survey methods, remote sensing has the advantages of real-time acquisition, repeated monitoring and multi spatial-temporal scales, which can compensate for the shortcomings of traditional field observation methods. Remote sensing can be used to identify the type and characteristic of ground objects, and extract key ecosystem parameters, energy flow and material circulation through retrieving the information contained by electromagnetic signals. Remote sensing data have become an indispensable data source in ecological studies, especially at the ecosystem, landscape, regional or global scales. With the emergence of new remote sensing sensors (e.g., light detection and ranging, and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence) and near-surface remote sensing platforms (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle and backpack), remote sensing is entering the three-dimensional era and the observation platform become more diverse. These three-dimensional, multi-source and time-series remote sensing data bring new opportunities to fully understand ecosystem processes across different spatial scales. This paper reviews the advances of the application of remote sensing in terrestrial ecosystem studies. Specifically, this study focuses on the derivation of biological factors from remote sensing data, including vegetation types, structures, functions and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. We also summarize the current status of the remote sensing technology in ecosystem studies and suggest the future opportunities of ecosystem monitoring in China. |
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| Keywords: | near-surface remote sensing lidar unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) hyperspectral solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence |
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