| 陕西洛南盆地延岭旧石器地点发掘报告 |
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| 引用本文： | 李葭萌,王社江,孙雪峰,鹿化煜,张小兵,张红艳,张改课,夏文婷,别婧婧.陕西洛南盆地延岭旧石器地点发掘报告[J].人类学学报,2023,42(2):248-259. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李葭萌 王社江 孙雪峰 鹿化煜 张小兵 张红艳 张改课 夏文婷 别婧婧 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室，中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所，北京 1000442.中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心，北京 1000443.中国科学院大学，北京 1000494.南京大学地理与海洋科学学院，南京 2100235.陕西省洛南县博物馆，洛南 7261006.陕西省考古研究院，西安 7100547.云南师范大学历史与行政学院，昆明 650500 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA225);国家自然科学基金委创新研究群体项目(42021001) |
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| 摘 要： | 延岭地点处于东秦岭洛南盆地南洛河第二级阶地上，属盆地西部“四十里梁塬”中部，紧邻支流县河。2012年10～11月对该地点进行发掘，揭露面积251 m2，在地表耕土层和平整土地扰动层、原生黄土和古土壤层出土石料、石核、石片、各类修理的石器、断块、碎屑等不同类型石制品856件。延岭地点加工石制品的主要原料为附近河流阶地砾石堆积中的砾石，以石英为主，石英岩次之，石英砂岩、砂岩、火成岩、硅质岩等偶有使用。剥片方式主要为锤击法，偶见砸击法。石制品以小型为主。石器组合包括刮削器、尖状器、石锥、凹缺器、薄刃斧和手镐。遗址地层光释光年代学研究显示该地点埋藏石制品的地层形成于中更新世晚期至晚更新世早期，其中距今12～7万年之间的晚更新世早期为石制品埋藏最为丰富的时段。
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| 关 键 词： | 石制品 延岭地点 洛南盆地 秦岭 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-01-06 |
Excavation report of the Yanling paleolithic site in the Luonan Basin,Shaanxi Province |
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| LI Jiameng,WANG Shejiang,SUN Xuefeng,LU Huayu,ZHANG Xiaobing,ZHANG Hongyan,ZHANG Gaike,XIA Wenting,BIE Jingjing.Excavation report of the Yanling paleolithic site in the Luonan Basin,Shaanxi Province[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2023,42(2):248-259. |
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| Authors: | LI Jiameng WANG Shejiang SUN Xuefeng LU Huayu ZHANG Xiaobing ZHANG Hongyan ZHANG Gaike XIA Wenting BIE Jingjing |
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| Abstract: | The Yanling site is located on the second terrace of the South Luohe River in the Luonan Basin, Qinling mountains, central China, where is the confluence between the South Luohe river and its branch of the Xianhe river, the landform is a loess tableland with a loess-paleosol deposit sequence of 26 meters. A systematic archaeological excavation was carried out from October to November in 2012 in order to cooperate with the construction of Siyuan Experimental School. The excavation exposed a total area of 251 m2, identifying five depositional layers, with 856 stone artifacts yielded. The lithic assemblage consists of manuports, cores, flakes, chunks, chips, and retouched tools. The retouched tools include scrapers, points, awls, notches, cleaver and pick. The stone artifacts did not move in long distance, and the site is a primary deposit site and only slightly disturbed by rains or other low-energy hydrodynamic element in the formation process. The thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL) dating and the Post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence 290 (pIRIR290) dating results of the deposits suggest that the Paleolithic sequence in the Yanling site could be divided into two development stages, that is the late Middle Pleistocene and early Late Pleistocene, and the site occupied mainly by the hominin could be dated back to 120-70 kaBP. The lithic assemblages from layer 2~5 demonstrated similarities in the aspects of raw material, size, core debitage reduction and tool retouch technology. Firstly, the lithic artifacts are produced by local cobbles/pebbles, which were collected from riverbank alluvial deposits close to this site. Quartz and quartzite were the most frequently used raw materials for knapping and retouching tools, although quartzite sandstone, fine sandstone, igneous rock and siliceous limestone were occasionally used. Secondly, most of the stone artifacts are small (<50 mm) in size, followed by medium (50~100 mm) in size, but finely retouched tools such as cleaver and pick, are large(>100 mm) in size. Thirdly, the proportion of chunks and chips produced by processing stone artifacts is high, followed by manuport and cores, and the number of retouched tools is at a minimum. Fourthly, the tools are mainly retouched flake tools. Pebbles and chunks are also occasionally used as blanks. Most of the tools are small (<50 mm) or medium (50~100 mm) in size. Quartz is used as raw material for retouched tools smaller than 50 mm, and quartzite is used for retouched tools larger than 100 mm. Fifthly, The principal flake knapping method is direct hammer hard percussion. Nevertheless, apart from direct percussion, the bipolar technique was occasionally used. |
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| Keywords: | Lithic artifacts Yanling site Luonan Basin Qinling Mountains Region |
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