The loading of peptide into ultrafine host vesicles or in the nanometer size range is an important technique for the optimization of controlled peptide antigens delivery.There are closed relationship between the nanoparticle and the organism,the size range of DNA-protein complex is 15～20 nanometer.Several virus particles are also nanoparticle.For the nanoparticle adjuvants,the carrier effects and side effects and foreign body irritation will be avoid.Furthermore, the actual state of the nanoparticle materials is shown with 4 practical application examples,that is: a targeted cellular uptake by macrophage and dendritic cells; the strong immunity stimulation of nanocapsules, as new adjuvants, when loaded with viral or other antigens; the better blood-brain barrier transfer of a biochemistry drug when covalently bound to special liposomes; and the use of minivesicles for controlled site-specific anticancer drug release (tumor targeting).The nanoparticl materials were manufactured by physics and chemistry methods.Almost all biochemistry drug and DNA drugs, particularly, adjuvants for the epitope peptide vaccine were loaded with nanoparticle carriers for the good stability and body-friendly and biodegradable excipients.