This work was supported by grants from 973 Project of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (G1999075608) and the China Natural Science Foundation (39990600).
所有的细胞中都存在着大量的蛋白质、核酸、多糖等各种生物大分子,它们大约占用细胞容积的20%~30%,总浓度高达80~200 g/L,因此任何一种大分子都处于一个充满其他大分子的拥挤环境中. 对源于排斥容积效应的拥挤理论分析表明它对所有大分子之间的反应在热力学和动力学上都有很大的影响. 可是以往人们在体外研究生物大分子的性质和相互作用时几乎都忽略了这样一个细胞大分子拥挤的实际环境. 最近几年建议把大分子拥挤与pH、离子强度和溶液组成等一样作为常规因素来研究生物大分子的呼声很高,在体系中添加大分子拥挤试剂以在体外模拟细胞内环境研究蛋白质折叠已有一些实验报道.
There are hundreds and thousands kinds of biomacromolecules within cells, proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides and so on, and the total concentration of those macromolecules could be high up to 80~200 g/L. In general, cellular interiors are 20%~30% volume-occupied physically by macromolecules, and such an intracellular environment has been termed as “macromolecular crowding” or “the excluded volume effect” more precisely. The biophysical theory has predicted significant effects of macromolecular crowding on biochemical reactions thermodynamically and kinetically, however, the important aspect of the intracellular environment is largely neglected. It has been strongly suggested that addition of crowding agents at biologically relevant concentrations to working system should become a routine variable just like pH and ionic strength to make the study under more physiologically relevant conditions.
李剑,王志珍.细胞内的大分子拥挤环境[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2001,28(6):788-792
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