Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IB gene(BMPR-IB)which controls the fecundity of Booroola Merino ewes was studied as candidate genes on the high prolificacy in sheep. Seven sheep breeds, small tail han sheep and its crosses, Northeastern Half-fuzz sheep, Australian Merino sheep, German Mutton Merino sheep, Suffork sheep, Texel sheep and Charolais sheep, were used. Single nucleotide polymorphism of BMPR-IB gene was detected in all sheep breeds by PCR-RFLP. The results showed that there was a same A746G mutation in BMPR-IB gene as that of Booroola Merino ewe, the frequency of B allele in the small tail han sheep and its crosses was significantly higher than that of the other two breeds, and the same mutation did not exist in other four breeds. The sheep carrying the B allele were able to ovulate more ova than non-gene carriers, and ovulating at a smaller diameter. The pregnant rates with respect to frozen embryo were 38.78%, 45.71% and 66.67% for the ++, B+ and BB animals, respectively. However, the results of present study showed that the A/G mutation in BMPR-IB gene appeared to positively affect both ova number and pregnancy process, which suggests that BMPR-IB gene play an important role in the regulation of sheep prolificacy. So ideal genotype sheep by PCR-RFLP as recipient is selected. It provides a new approach to improve pregnancy rate of embryo transfer.