Leaf anatomical variations between species of Boesenbergia (B. curtisii, B. prainiana B. rotunda and B. plicata) and Kaempferia (K. pulchra, K. galanga, K. gilbertii, K. rotunda, K. parviflora and K. angustifolia) were studied in order to investigate anatomical variations which could be used to distinguish species. Results show that there are variations in the type of stomata, the structure of the midrib, the outlines of the leaf margin and petiole in transverse section, and the presence or absence of abaxial or adaxial hypoderm is and trichomes in the lamina．The results suggest that a combination of these characters is useful in distinguishing the species studied．