In order to make protection strategies of rare and endangered plants in Lushan National Nature Reserve, the endangered grade and conservation priority of 58 rare and endangered species were evaluated with indexes, such as endangered coefficient, genetic coefficient and species value coefficient. The results showed that the comprehensive evaluation value (VS) of rare and endangered plants in Lushan Nature Reserve ranged from 0.153 to 0.742. There were 11 species with safe grade, accounting for 19% of the total of rare and endangered plants in this area; 28 species fall into rare species for 48%; 18 species for 31% were listed in vulnerable species; and the endangered species had 1 species for 2%. Among those, 8 species were assessed as the first conservation class, accounting for 14% of the total of rare and endangered species, and 22, 23 and 5 species belong to the second, the third and the fourth conservation class, accounting for 38%, 40% and 8%, respectively, there were not rare and endangered species. So, it was concluded that the habitat destruction and human disturbance were the main threats to rare and endangered plants of the region.