The orchid diversity from Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, Chongqing, South China was studied. The results showed that 114 species orchids belonging to 48 genera distributed in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve, in which 47 species endemic to China and 3 species endemic to Jinfo Mountain. Vertical distribution pattern of orchid was obvious. The threatened status of orchid was significant different in different altitude. The species at low altitude were less threatened than those at high altitude. Some strategies were proposed for in situ conservation of orchid diversity in Jinfo Mountain Nature Reserve.