Silk fibroin is a natural macromolecular fibroin. It has broad prospects in tissue engineering application due to its good physical and mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. This paper reviews its chemistry structure, property, the usage as matrix of tissue-engineering scaffold using electrospinning technology, and the influence on growth, proliferation and function of vascular endothelial cell, smooth muscle cell, keratinocyte and fibroblast. It also addresses the advantages and disadvantages of silk fibroin applied in tissue engineering study like artificial vascular, skin, bone stent etc. The potential applications on esophageal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine were discussed.