[Objective] To study bacterial community and diversity in pit mud with different-aged cellars used to produce Baiyunbian liquor. [Methods] Total DNA of microbes in pit mud (2 and 23 year) were extracted, then PCR-DGGE and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to analyze bacterial communities. [Results] Bacteria in the pit mud fell into 4 phyla: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with dominant genera (≥1.0%) including Corynebacterium, Myroides, Sphingobacterium, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Acetobacter, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, and Acinetobacter. Furthermore, Dysgonomonas, Fluviicola, Proteus and Wohlfahrtiimonas were present in 2-year uniquely, whereas Staphylococcus, Hazenella, Weissella, Gluconacetobacter and Morganella were especially predominant in 23-year pit mud. [Conclusion] Bacterial diversity in pit mud of 2-year was higher than in that of 23-year.