火力楠、荷木和黎蒴林的土壤特性及涵养水源的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对火力楠、荷木和黎蒴纯林的土壤物理性质、林地持水特性、土壤养分、微生物数量及酶活性进行了研究.结果表明,3种林地的土壤容重分别为1.19、1.26和1.06 g·cm^-3,总孔隙分别为56.73%、54.18%和60.74%,土壤自然含水量分别为51.7%、13.0%和19.4%,毛管持水量分别为43.2%、37.8%和4.8%.火力楠林地的土壤保水性一般而通气性差;荷木林地的土壤保水性和通气性均差,黎蒴林地的土壤保水性和通气性好.火力楠、荷木和黎蒴单株凋落物持水量分别为20、8和15kg,林地分别为16、13和17 t·hm^-2;火力楠、荷木和黎蒴单株凋落物养分储量分别为112.71、31.20和87.30g、林地分别为84.3、51.86和98.11kg·hm^-2.3种林地呈强酸性.黎蒴林地的土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K、碱解N和速效P含量最高,而速效K含量为荷木林地＞黎蒴林地＞火力楠林地.火力楠林地有机质含量、全N和碱解N含量＞荷木林地,荷木林地的全P、全K、速效P含量＞火力楠林地.细菌占微生物总量的94%以上,黎蒴林地的细菌数量高达41×10⁵个·g干土,而火力楠林地和荷木林地分别为3.4×10⁴个·g干土和.3×10⁴个·g干土.黎蒴林地的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶活性最大,荷木林地纤维素分解酶活性最大5.3种林分中,黎蒴林的土壤肥力最高.

关键词: 阔叶纯林, 水源涵养, 土壤物理性质, 养分, 微生物, 酶活性

Abstract: The study showed that the soil density,total porosity,natural water capacity and capillary moisture capacity were 1.19 g穋m^-3,56.73%,15.7% and 43.2% in Michelia macclurei stand,1.26 g穋m^-3,54.18%,13.0% and 37.8% in Schima superb stand,and 1.06 g穋m^-3,60.74%,19.4%,and 45.8% in Castanopsis fissa stand,respectively.Soil water holding capacity and aeration were good in Castanopsis fissa stand but bad in Schima superba stand,whereas Michelia macclurei stand had a medium water holding capacity and a bad aeration.The water holding capacity of litter per tree was in order of Michelia macclurei (20 kg)>Castanopsis fissa(15 kg)>Schima superba(8 kg),whereas that of litter in stand was Castanopsis fissa(17 t穐m^-2)>Michelia macclurei(16 t穐m^-2)>Schima superba(13 t穐m^-2).The nutrient storage of litter per tree was 112.71,31.20 and 87.30 g in Michelia macclurei,Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa stands,respectively,and that of litter in stand was 84.35,51.86 and 98.11 kg穐m^-2,respectively.The soil in the three stands was strong acidic,and the content of soil organic matter,total N,total P,total K,alkalized N,available P and available K was 18.43 g穔g^-1,0.69 g穔g^-1,0.17 g穔g^-1,5.83 g穔g^-1,45.67 mg穔g^-1,0.83 mg穔g^-1 and 23.13 mg穔g^-1 in Michelia macclurei stand,13.40 g穔g^-1,0.68 g穔g^-1,0.20 g穔g^-1,12.32 g穔g^-1,40.78 mg穔g^-1,0.85 mg穔g^-1 and 90.63 mg穔g^-1 in Schima superba stand,and 28.50 g穔g^-1,0.97 g穔g^-1,0.23 g穔g^-1,18.77 g穔g^-1,73.40 mg穔g^-1,1.45 mg穔g^-1 and 66.50 mg穔g^-1 in Castanopsis fissa stand,respectively.Soil bacteria accounted for >94% of soil microbes,and their individuals were 41?105,34?104 and 5.3?104 g^-1 in Michelia macclurei,Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa stands,respectively.The activities of soil urease,catalase and phosphatase in Castanopsis fissa stand were the greatest among the three stands,while soil cellulase activity in Michelia macclurei stand was greater than that in other two stands.In a word,soil fertility of Castanopsis fissa stand was the highest among three test stands.

Key words: Pure broad-leaved stand, Water conservation, Soil physical property, Nutrient, Microorganism, Enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S714

薛立, 李燕, 屈明, 晏姝, 王相娥. 火力楠、荷木和黎蒴林的土壤特性及涵养水源的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(9): 1623-1627.

XUE Li, LI Yan, QU Ming, YAN Shu, WANG Xiang'e . Soil properties and water holding capacities of Michelia macclurei,Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa stands[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(9): 1623-1627.

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