Surface display technology, an emerging genetic engineering technology, can immobilize the target protein on the cell surface of filamentous fungi. Since filamentous fungi have strong abilities of protein secretion and post-translational processing, surface display technology has been developed for increasing filamentous fungi. We review the development and application of the surface display system of filamentous fungi and introduce the cell wall composition, anchored proteins, and genetic transformation methods of filamentous fungi which are closely related to the construction of the system.